解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Recent studies of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) have produced conflicting results about the extent of reconstitution possible in the CD4+ lymphocyte repertoire after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The effect of HAART on the incidence of opportunistic infections will probabl...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0898-953
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show that the fraction of proliferating CD4+ lymphocytes is similar in HIV-infected subjects in the early stage of disease and in HIV-negative subjects, whereas the fraction of proliferating CD8+ lymphocytes is increased 6.8-fold in HIV-infected subjects. After initiation of antiviral therapy, there is a late incre...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0798-794
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Networks of interstitial cells of Cajal embedded in the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract are involved in the generation of electrical pacemaker activity for gastrointestinal motility. This pacemaker activity manifests itself as rhythmic slow waves in membrane potential, and controls the frequency and propagat...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0798-848
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether immunization with recombinant anti-idiotypic antibody fragments mimicking the conformation of the capsular antigen can protect against infection by group B streptococcus, an important neonatal pathogen. Single-chain fragment-variable anti-idiotypes competed with the type III carbohydrate for bi...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0698-705
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease symptoms can be improved by transplanting fetal dopamine cells into the putamen of parkinsonian patients. Because the supply of human donor tissue is limited and variable, an alternative and genetically modifiable non-human source of tissue would be valuable. We have generated cloned transgenic bov...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0598-569
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a requirement for malignant tumor growth and metastasis. In the absence of angiogenesis, local tumor expansion is suppressed at a few millimeters and cells lack routes for distant hematogenous spread. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the degree of angiogenesi...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0598-623
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human CD4 molecule (hCD4) is expressed on T lymphocytes and macrophages and acts as a key component of the cellular receptor for HIV. At baseline, hCD4 transgenic mice expressed hCD4 on microglia, the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the brain, and showed no neuronal damage. Activation of brain microglia by peri...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0498-441
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotide was constructed to induce a sequence mutation in the rat factor IX gene, resulting in prolonged coagulation. Oligonucleotides were targeted to hepatocytes in cell culture or in vivo by intravenous injection. Nucleotide conversion was both site-specific and dose-dependent. The mutated...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0398-285
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary patterns of virus replication and distribution in lymphoid tissue during the early phases of HIV infection have not been delineated. Lymph node (LN) biopsies were excised from patients at different times after the estimated time of primary infection. Within 3 months of the acute viral syndrome, HIV was mo...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0398-341
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::After transplantation of primarily vascularized xenografts (Xgs), T-independent mechanisms may lead to Xg rejection before T-cell activation even takes place. The possibility of achieving T-independent xenotolerance was evaluated in nude rats that normally reject hamster cardiac Xgs within 4 days by non-T cell-mediate...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0298-173
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bypass of stenotic coronary arteries with autologous saphenous vein is an established treatment for ischemic heart disease. However, its long-term clinical success is limited. Late vein graft failure is the result of medial and intimal thickening consequent upon medial vascular smooth muscle cell migration, proliferat...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0298-235
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by localized areas of demyelination. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain largely unknown, it is generally assumed that immune responses to myelin antigens contribute to the disease process. The exact se...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0198-078
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::How well antibodies can protect against disease due to HIV-1 infection remains a pivotal but unresolved issue with important implications for vaccine design and the use of prophylactic antibody to prevent infection after accidental exposure to the virus and to interrupt transmission of virus from mother to child. Stro...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1297-1389
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity was analyzed in heterosexual couples discordant for HIV status in serum and in HIV-unexposed controls. HIV-specific IgA but not IgG was present in urine and vaginal wash samples from HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESN), whereas both IgA and IgG were observed in their H...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1197-1250
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::GLUT4, the insulin-responsive glucose transporter, plays an important role in postprandial glucose disposal. Altered GLUT4 activity is suggested to be one of the factors responsible for decreased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue in obesity and diabetes. To assess the effect of GLUT4 expression on whole-body...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1097-1096
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preservation of the chemical architecture of a cell or of an organism under changing and perhaps stressful conditions is termed homeostasis. An integral feature of homeostasis is the rapid expression of genes whose products are specifically dedicated to protect cellular functions against stress. One of the best known ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1097-1150
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the florid deposition of vascular and cerebral plaques composed chiefly of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) derived from cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Varying in length from 39 to 43 amino acids, A beta, particularly the longer A beta(4...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0997-1021
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike normal melanocytes, primary and metastatic human melanomas express high levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) messenger RNA, and expression of these genes is essential in sustaining the proliferation of malignant melanomas in vitro. To determine whether...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0897-887
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subset of patients with high plasma HDL concentrations have enhanced rather than reduced atherosclerosis. We have developed a new transgenic mouse model overexpressing human lecithin-cholesteryl acyltransferase (LCAT) that has elevated HDL and increased diet-induced atherosclerosis. LCAT transgenic mouse HDLs are ab...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0797-744
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral administration of protein can induce antigen-specific immune hyporesponsiveness. However, the utility of oral tolerance to autoantigens in the treatment of autoimmune diseases may be limited when candidate autoantigens cannot be produced by conventional systems in quantities sufficient for clinical studies. Plant...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0797-793
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 55-kilodalton (kDa) protein from the E1B-region of adenovirus binds to and inactivates the p53 gene, which is mutated in half of human cancers. We have previously shown that the replication and cytopathogenicity of an E1B, 55-kDa gene-attenuated adenovirus, ONYX-015, is blocked by functional p53 in RKO and U20S ca...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0697-639
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A characteristic feature of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the accumulation in the brain of the amyloid protease-resistant protein PrPres. PrPres derives from a host-encoded, protease-sensitive isoform, PrPsen. Mutations of this protein are linked to familial variants of the disease, and the presence of a methioni...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0597-521
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic voiding disorders affect up to 10-15% of men and women. We describe bladder abnormalities in mice with targeted deletion of the gene for neuronal nitric oxide synthase which model the clinical disorders. The mice possess hypertrophic dilated bladders and dysfunctional urinary outlets which do not relax in r...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0597-571
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancers are either primarily resistant to chemotherapy (intrinsic resistance), or respond to chemotherapy but later recur with a multidrug-resistant phenotype because of overexpression of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein. The MDR1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein may be transcriptionally regulated by a Y-bo...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0497-447
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to exert significant pro-inflammatory effects and has the potential to override the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. In this study we have identified significant quantities of MIF in the alveolar airspaces of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0397-320
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is temporally associated with the decline in viremia during primary HIV-1 infection, but definitive evidence that it is of importance in virus containment has been lacking. Here we show that in a patient whose early CTL response was focused on a highly immunodom...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0297-205
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation of xenogeneic hepatocytes would provide a novel therapy for liver disease and would help to solve the problem of an insufficient supply of donor organs. We have tested whether xenogeneic cells infused into the liver could correct the metabolic defect in the Watanable heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rab...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0197-48
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Dunning rat prostatic carcinoma is a model system where cell motility closely correlates with the metastatic phenotype. We have identified a novel gene, upregulated in the highly motile and metastatic Dunning cancer cell lines, that represents a new member of the thymosin-beta family, thymosin beta 15. Transfectio...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1296-1322
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic alterations in malignant tissues are potential targets for gene-based cancer therapies. Alternatively, aberrant expression of certain specific genes associated with malignant transformation may be envisioned to enhance the expression of chemosensitizing drugs. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related B-cell lymphomas ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1296-1379
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and incurable disease whose prevalence increases dramatically with age. A biochemical marker for monitoring the onset and progression of the disease would be a valuable tool for disease management. In addition, such a marker might be used as an end point in clinical intervention pr...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1196-1230
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause worldwide of preventable infectious blindness (trachoma) and sexually transmitted disease, including nongonoccocal urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease. To date, no effective vaccine against C. trachomatis infection has been identified. A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antib...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1096-1116
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces clinical, biochemical and neuropathologic changes reminiscent of those which occur in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI) is a relatively selective inhibitor of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that blocks MPTP neurotoxi...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0996-1017
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variable region gene of the T-cell receptor, V beta 8.2, is rearranged, and its product is expressed on pathogenic T cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in H-2u mice after immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP). Vaccination of these mice with naked DNA encoding V beta 8.2 protecte...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0896-899
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naturally occurring mutations in HIV-1-infected patients have important implications for therapy and the outcome of clinical studies. However, little is known about the prevalence of mutations that confer resistance to HIV-1 protease inhibitors in isolates derived from patients naive for such inhibitors. In the first ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0796-753
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough accompanied by an increased sensitivity of the cough reflex is the most common symptom of inflammatory airway disease. This symptom is also frequently reported in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as therapy for heart failure or hypertension, although the underlying mechanism is u...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0796-814
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand genetic alterations in oral premalignant lesions, we examined 84 oral leukoplakia samples from 37 patients who had been enrolled in a chemoprevention trial. The samples were analyzed for two microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 9p21 and 3p14. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at either or both...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0696-682
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of blindness in such disorders as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and senile macular degeneration. Because ligation of vitronectin receptor-type integrins appears to be required for the survival and maturation of newly formed but not quiescent ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0596-529
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a transcriptionally regulated enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide from L-arginine that has a key role in the pathophysiology of systemic inflammation and sepsis. Transgenic animals with a null mutation for the iNOS gene are resistant to hypotension and death caused by Escheri...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0596-581
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some individuals remain uninfected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) despite multiple high-risk sexual exposures. We studied a cohort of 25 subjects with histories of multiple high-risk sexual exposures to HIV-1 and found that their CD8+ lymphocytes had greater anti-HIV-1 activity than did CD8+ lymphocy...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0496-412
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A single recessive mutation, the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (deltaF508), causes severe CF and resides on 70% of mutant chromosomes. Severe CF is also caused by premature stop mutations, which are foun...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm0496-467
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00